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Angioplasty, also referred to as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a medical procedure employed to unblock coronary arteries that are obstructed due to coronary artery disease. By restoring blood flow to the heart without the need for open-heart surgery, angioplasty is frequently used to treat severe conditions such as heart attacks.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimally invasive technique that improves blood flow to the heart muscle by opening up blocked coronary arteries.
During the procedure, a small tube, known as a stent, is inserted by the surgeon into the blocked pathway to keep it open. The stent helps to re-establish the flow of blood and other fluids and may be composed of metal or plastic. In addition, stent-grafts are used for larger arteries. Medication-coated stents are also available to prevent the blocked artery from closing.

To restore blood flow in the coronary artery, angioplasty is recommended for patients with heart disease. While many coronary artery diseases (CAD) require angioplasty, there are some CADs that can be treated without it.
Angioplasty is regarded as a viable surgical treatment for patients experiencing the following conditions:

Lack of improvement in heart health despite taking prescribed medication

Angina or Chest pain that gradually intensifies

Heart attack

Most people who undergo angioplasty also receive a stent to alleviate their blocked artery. After angioplasty, a stent, resembling a small coil of wire mesh, is implanted to support the artery walls and prevent it from narrowing again.

The stent is guided through the artery to the blockage with the help of a balloon located at the catheter's tip. The balloon is inflated at the blockage site, and the spring-like stent expands and locks inside the artery. The stent is placed in such a way that it keeps the artery open permanently.

In some cases, more than one stent may be necessary to clear a blockage. Once the stent is in place, the balloon catheter is deflated and removed. To check the newly expanded artery's blood flow, further X-ray images such as angiograms are taken.

Angioplasty is commonly conducted by a cardiologist through an artery in the arm, wrist, or groin area. The patient is given a sedative to help them relax and remain alert during the procedure. The following steps are carried out during the procedure:

Fluids, sedatives, and blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) are administered through an IV catheter in the hand or arm.

Throughout the procedure, the doctor monitors the patient's heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen level

The doctor cleans the area on the leg, arm, or wrist with an antiseptic solution and covers it with a sterile sheet.

Local anesthetic is used to numb the area where a small incision is made. A short, thin guidewire is then inserted into the blood vessel.

Using live X-rays for guidance, the doctor inserts a thin tube (catheter) through the artery.

Once the catheter is in place, contrast dye is injected through it. X-ray images, such as angiograms, help the doctor see inside the blood vessels and identify the blockage.

At the site of the obstruction, a tiny balloon with or without a stent at the catheter's tip is inflated, expanding the obstructed artery. The balloon is then deflated, and the catheter is removed after the artery has been stretched.

If the patient has multiple blockages, the treatment needs to be repeated for each one.

Dr. Sudheer Koganti

MBBS, MRCP (UK), MRCPS (Glasgow)

MD Res (London), FRCP(London)

CCT Cardiology (London,UK)

Consultant Interventional Cardiologist

#Best Cardiologist in Hyderabad

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